What are two key indicators of adequate hydration in a child?

• A. High blood pressure and rapid pulse.
• B. Dry tongue.
• C. Adequate urine output and moist mucous membranes.
• D. Capillary refill time.

Answer: (C)

Adequate hydration in a child is best reflected by how well the body is functioning with fluids, namely sufficient urine production and moist mucous membranes. When a child is well hydrated, the kidneys receive enough perfusion to produce an output, and the mucous membranes stay hydrated and moist. A dry tongue shows fluid loss and points to dehydration rather than adequacy. Capillary refill time can vary with temperature and other factors, so it’s less reliable on its own as a hydration indicator, and blood pressure or pulse alone don’t definitively indicate hydration status.