How does phototherapy work for neonatal jaundice?

• A. It increases bilirubin production to overcome deficiency.
• B. It filters bilirubin through the kidneys.
• C. It reduces bilirubin by increasing urinary excretion without isomerization.
• D. It converts bilirubin to water-soluble isomers excreted in urine and stool; ensure hydration and skin protection.

Answer: (D)

Phototherapy works by exposing the baby to blue-green light, which chemically alters bilirubin in the skin from a fat-soluble, unconjugated form into water-soluble photoisomers. These isomers can be excreted in urine and stool without the liver needing to conjugate bilirubin, so serum bilirubin levels fall and jaundice resolves. Nursing care focuses on maintaining hydration to support elimination and protecting the skin and eyes from excessive light exposure, along with monitoring temperature and feeds to ensure the infant stays well hydrated and comfortable.